Broadly speaking, blood disorders refer to diseases related to blood such as bleeding, blood deficiency, blood stasis, etc., while in a narrow sense, they are only confined to the hemorrhagic diseases, including hematemesis, hemoptysis, epistaxis, hemathidrosis, bleeding of the tongue and gums, hematuria, hematochezia, etc. Bleeding caused by acute or chronic hematopathy, infection, tuberculosis, tumor diseases of the liver, stomach and kidneys or cardiovascular diseases can be differentiated and treated as discussed in this section.

Etiology and Pathogenesis Physiologically, blood originated from foods and is produced by the spleen, stored by the liver, controlled by the heart, distributed to the lungs, refined by the kidneys and circulates in the vessels. The cause of blood disorders is either exogenous or endogenous in origin. The common exogenous causative factors are wind, heat, dryness, dampness-heat pestilence, etc. For instance, the exogenous pathogenic agent invades the lungs, impairs its collaterals and forces the blood to go upward adversely, thus epistaxis or hemoptysis ensues. Retention of dampness-heat in the intestinal tract may result in hematochezia, and prolonged affection of wind-cold involving the interior may transform to heat and lead to epistaxis. The common endogenous causative factors are immoderate diet, emotional upset, overstrain, pathological changes after a chronic disease or a febrile disease, etc. For example, over-intake of pungent and greasy foods may induce the retention of dampness-heat and damage the blood vessels, leading to hemoptysis and hematochezia. Emotional upsets may induce the production of fire, during which the collaterals of the stomach may be injured by the hyperactive liver-qi and hematemesis occurs, or liver-fire attacks the lungs and leads to epistaxis and hemoptysis, or heart-fire attacks the small intestine and bladder, resulting in hematuria. Mental stress, overstrain and sexual indulgence may impair the heart, spleen and kidneys; when qi is impaired and deficient and fails to keep blood in the vessels, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia and purpura may appear; and when yin is impaired and deficient leading to hyperactivity of fire, epistaxis purpura and hematuria may occur. Moreover, chronic diseases of febrile disease may induce impairment of qi and yin or retention of blood stasis, resulting in hemorrhage elsewhere. In sum, the chief pathological changes of blood disorders are fire, asthenia (deficiency of qi, yin or yang) and blood stasis. They are interrelated and interchangeable with each other during the process of the disease.

Syndrome Differentiation and Therapeutic Principle

A. Syndrome differentiation

(a) Differentiation of asthenia-syndrome and sthenia-syndrome: Bleeding with fire in origin is usually attributed to sthenia-syndrome, while that with yin yang or qi deficiency to asthenia-syndrome. But there may be transformation and combination of the two syndromes in the development of the disorder.

(b) Differentiation of bleeding position and pathogenesis: Hemoptysis involves bleeding from the lungs, hematemesis from the stomach, hematochezia from the stomach and intestine, hematuria from the kidneys and bladder, while spontaneous bleeding may come from the eye, ear, nose, gum, tongue, muscle, etc. Although bleeding is from the same position, the pathogenesis may be quite different. For example, epistaxis may develop from lung-heat, stomach-heat, liver-heat or deficiency of qi and blood; bleeding from the gum may be due to hyperactivity of stomach-fire or hyperactivity of fire and deficiency of yin; hemoptysis may result from the damage of lungs by dryness-heat of liver-fire; hematemesis may be caused by the retention of the stomach-fire; the attack of liver-fire by the stomach of qi deficiency; hematochezia may develop from the retention of dampness-heat in the intestines or asthenia-cold of the spleen and stomach; hematuria may be due to the retention of dampness-heat in the lower jiao, fire hyperactivity and yin-deficiency or deficiency of the spleen and kidneys.

B. Therapeutic principles Stopping bleeding, causative treatment and strengthening healthy qi are the key principles for treating blood disorders. Hemostatic therapy serves as a symptomatic treatment for cases of bleeding. Causative treatment deals with the etiology and pathogenesis of the bleeding, such as the therapy of clearing away heat and purging fire for cases with sthenic-fire syndrome, and that of nourishing yin and keeping fire downward for those with asthenic-fire syndrome. The therapy of strengthening healthy qi is employed according to which organ is impaired during the convalescent period, such as tonifying the spleen and stomach, nourishing the liver and kidneys, etc.

Classification and Treatment

A. Epistaxis

a) Attack of the lungs by heat Manifestations: Bleeding from the nose, dryness of nose, throat and mouth or fever, dry cough, red tongue with thin yellow coating and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away lung-heat, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction of Mori and Chrysanthemi

Folium Mori 10 g
Flos Chrysanthemi 10 g
Radix Platycodi 10 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae 10 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 30 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g
Cortex Mori Radicis 12 g
Radix Scrophulariae 15 g
Rhizoma Phragmitis 15 g

(b) Hyperactivity of stomach-heat Manifestation: Bleeding of fresh blood from the nose, dryness of nose and mouth, halitosis, irritability, constipation, swelling and pain of gingiva or bleeding from gum, red tongue with yellow coating and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away stomach-fire, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modification of Jade Maid Decoction

Gypsum Fibrosum (decocted first) 30 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g
Rhizoma Coptidis 6-9 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 12 g
Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae 12 g
Radix Ophiopogonis 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae 15 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 30 g

Remarks: Add Radix et Rhizoma Rhei for cases with constipation. (c) Hyperactivity of liver-fire Manifestations: Bleeding from the nose, headache, dizziness, bitter taste in the mouth, dryness of throat, redness of eyes, tinnitus, irritability, red tongue with yellow coating and wiry and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away liver-fire, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction of Gentianae for Purging Liver-Fire

Radix Gentianae 9 g
Radis Scutellariae 10 g
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Radix Bupleuri 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae 10 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 30 g
Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici 10 g
Herba Cephalanoploris 10 g

Remarks: For cases with dryness of mouth and nose, red and dry tongue and thready and rapid pulse, add Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Herba Ecliptae to nourish yin and clear away heat.

(d) Deficiency of qi and blood

Manifestations: Bleeding of pink blood from the nose or bleeding from the gum, hemathidrosis, fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, pale complexion, restlessness at night, pale tongue and thready and weak pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Invigorating qi and keeping the blood in the vessels.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction for Invigorating the Spleen and Nourishing the Heart

Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 10 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g
Rads Astragali 15 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 6 g
Poria 12 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Radix Polygalae 10 g
Radix Aucklandiae 9 g
Fructus Ziziphi Spinosae (fried) 15 g
Colla Corii Asini (dissolved with water separately) 10 g
Herba Agrimoniae 12 g

Remarks: Besides oral administration, some drugs such as Radix Notoginseng powder, Indigo Naturalis powder, Crinis Carbonisatus and crushed fresh leaves of herba Cephalanoploris may be applied to the nose as a local hemostatic.

B. Bleeding from the gum

(a) Retention of heat in the stomach Manifestations: Bleeding of fresh blood from the gum, gingivitis, halitosis, headache, constipation, red tongue with yellow coating and full and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away stomach-fire, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Powder for Clearing Away Stomach-heat and Decoction for Purging Stomach-Fire

Gypsum Fibrosum (decocted first) 30 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g
Rhizoma Coptidis 6 g
Rhizoma Cimicifugae 9 g
Radix Rehmanniae 10 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae 6 g
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei 3-6 g

Remarks: For cases with profuse bleeding, add Rhizoma Imperatae, Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici and Nodus nelumbinis Rhizomatis to cool the blood and stop bleeding. For cases with suppuration in the gum, add Flor Lonicerae, Herba Taraxaci and Herba Violae to clear away heat and toxic materials.

(b) Yin-deficiency and fire hyperactivity

Manifestations: Bleeding of pink blood from the gum (which is induced by heat and stress), swelling of the gum or looseness of teeth, hectic fever, night sweating, red tongue with little coating and thready and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Nourish yin, keep the fire downward, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction for Nourishing Water and Clearing the Liver with Rubiae Powder

Radix Rehmanniae 10-15 g
Fructus Corni 10 g
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 10 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
Rhizoma Alismatis 10 g
Poria 10 g
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 10 g
Herba Ecliptae 15-30 g
Radix Rubiae 10 g
Radix Stellariae 10 g
Caucumen Biotae 10 g

C. Purpura

(a) Blood-heat

Manifestations: Petechiae or ecchymoses accompanying by epistaxis, bleeding from the gum, hematochezia or hematuria, or fever, thirst, constipation, red tongue with yellow coating and wiry and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away heat and toxic materials, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction of Cornu Rhinocerotis and Rehmanniae

Pulvis Cornu Rhinocerotis (mixed with decoction) 3 g
Radix Rehmanniae 15 g
Radix Paeoniae Rubra 10 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 12 g
Gypsum Fibrosum (decocted first) 30 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 30 g

Remarks: Add Radix Sanguisorbae and Flor Sophorae for treating cases with hematochezia. Add Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Fructus Trichosanthis for those with constipation. Add Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Fructus Chaenomelis, Caulis Lonicerae and Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae for those with swelling and pain of joints due to retention of heat in the meridians.

(b) Yin-deficiency and fire hyperactivity

Manifestations: Intermittent occurrence of petechiae or ecchymoses associated by epistaxis, bleeding from the gum or menorrhagia, thirst, dryness of throat, feverish sensation over the palms, soles and the chest, flushed cheeks, hectic fever, night sweating, red tongue with little coating and thready and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Nourish yin, keep the fire downward and arrest bleeding.

Prescription: The Modification of Rubiae Powder

Radix Rehmanniae 0-15 g
Fructus Corni 10 g
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 10 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
Cortex Lycii Radicis 12 g
Herba Ecliptae 30 g
Radix Rubiae 10 g
Caucumen Biotae 10 g
Radix Scrophulariae 15 g
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi 10 g
Herba Agrimoniae 10 g

(c) Qi-deficiency with failure of controlling blood

Manifestations: Repeated appearance of dull petechiae or ecchymosis, sallow or pale complexion, fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, poor appetite, corpulent and pale tongue with thin white coating and thready and weak pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Invigorate qi and keep the blood in the vessels.

Prescription: The Modified decoction for Invigorating the Spleen and Nourishing the Heart

Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 12 g
Radix Astragali 15 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae 10 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 6 g
Poria 10 g
Palvis Radix Notoginseng (mixed with decoction) 5 g
Radix Rubiae 10 g
Herba Agrimoniae 15 g

Remarks: For cases with diarrhea, add Rhizoma Dioscoreae and Semen Euryales to strengthen the spleen and relieve diarrhea. For cases with soreness and weakness of loins and knees, add Fructus Corni, Semen Cuscutae and Radix Dipsaci to tonify kidney-qi. For cases with coldness of limbs, add Rhizoma Curculiginis and Herba Epimedii to warm yang and benefit the kidneys.

D. Hemoptysis

(a) Impairment of the lungs by dryness-heat

Manifestations: Cough with blood-tinged sputum, itching of throat, dryness of mouth and nose, fever, red and dry tongue with thin yellow coating and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away heat, moisturize the lungs and arrest bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction of Mori and Armeniacae Amarum

Folium Mori 10 g
Cortex Mori Radicis 12 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g
Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii 10 g
Semen Armeniacae Amarum 10 g
Radix Adneophorae Strictae 10 g
Radix Scrophulariae 15-30 g
Gypsum Fibrosum (decocted first) 30 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 30 g
Caucumen Biotae 10 g

Remarks: For cases with fever, aversion to wind, headache, sore throat, runny nose and floating and rapid pulse, add Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Forsythiae, Flos Chrysanthemi and Fructus Arctii to dispel the evil from the superficies.

(b) Attack on the lungs by liver-fire

Manifestations: Paroxymal cough with bloody-tinged sputum or sputum with fresh blood, distending pain over the chest and hypochondrium, irritability, bitter taste in the mouth and dry throat, red tongue with thin yellow coating and wiry and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away liver-fire, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Powder for Expelling Lung-Heat and Powder of Indigo Naturalis and Gecko

Cortex Mori Radicis 15 g
Cortex Lycii Radicis 12 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 30 g
Pulvis Indigo Naturalis and Gecko 10 g
Pericarpium Trichosanthis 12 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 2 g
Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis 15 g

Remarks: For cases with dizziness, redness of yes and irritability, add Radix Gentianae and fructus Gardeniae to clear away liver-fire. For cases with severe cough with yellow sputum, add gypsum Fibrosum and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae to clear away lung-heat. For cases with hemoptysis of fresh blood, use the Modified Decoction of Cornu Rhinocerotis, and Rehmanniae, which is composed of Cornu Rhinocerotis, Radix Rehmanniae and Cortex Moutan Radicis, and add Radix Notoginseng powder and Rhizoma Bletillae powder mixed with the decoction to purge fire, cool the blood and arrest bleeding.

(c) Yin-deficiency and lung-heat

Manifestations: Cough with small amount of blood-tinged sputum, dryness of mouth and throat, hectic fever, night sweating, red tongue and rapid and thready pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Nourish yi, moisturize the lungs and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modification of Lilii Decoction for Strengthening the Lungs

Bulbus Lilii 30 g
Radix Rehmanniae 15 g
Radix Ophiopogonis 10 g
Radix Scrophulariae 15-30 g
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g
Cortex Lycii Radicis 12 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 30 g
Cacumen Biotae 10 g
Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis 10 g

Remarks: For cases with repeated hemoptysis of a large amount of blood, add Colla Corii Asini and Radix Notoginseng to nourish blood and stop bleeding. For cases with flushed cheeks and hectic fever, add Herba Artemisiae Annuae, radix Stellariae and Radix Cynanchi Atrati to clear away asthenic heat.

E. Hematemesis

(a) Retention of heat in the stomach

Manifestations: Distension, oppression and even pain over the epigastrium and abdomen, vomiting of red or dark purplish blood usually containing undigested food, halitosis, constipation or melena, red tongue with yellow greasy coating and smooth and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away stomach-fire, eliminate blood stasis and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction for Purging Stomach-Fire Along with Powder of Ten Ashes

Rhizoma Coptidis 5-10 g
Radix Scutellariae 6-10 g
Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (decocted later) 6-9 g
Gypsum Fibrosum (decocted first) 30 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 12 g
Radix Rubiae 10 g
Pulvis Rhizoma Bletillae (mixed with decoction) 6 g
Fructus Crataegi Carbonisatus 10 g
Fructus Hordei Germinatus Carbonisatus 10 g
Fructus Oryzae Germinatus Carbonisatus 10 g

Remarks: For cases with nausea and vomiting, add haematitum, Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam and Flos Inulae to regulate the stomach and keep qi downward.

(b) Attack to the stomach by liver-fire

Manifestations: Vomiting of red or dark purplish blood, bitter taste in the mouth, hypochondriac pain, irritability, sleeplessness, dreamfulness, crimson tongue and wiry and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away fire from the liver and stomach, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction of Gentianae for Purging Liver-Fire

Radix Gentianae 10 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
Pulvis Rhizoma Bletillae (mixed with decoction) 3-6 g
Herba Ecliptae 30 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 30 g
Radix Rubiae 10 g

Remarks: For cases with sudden vomiting of profuse fresh blood, use Decoction of Cornu Rhinocerotis and Rehmanniae containing Cornu Rhinocerotis, Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Moutan Radicis, Radix et Rhizoma Rheim etc. and add Powder of Radix Notoginseng by mixing it with the decoction. For cases with exhaustion of qi and blood after profuse bleeding manifested as pale complexion, coldness of limbs, sweating, listlessness and fading pulse, use the Decoction of Ginseng to benefit qi. For cases with collapse of qi and depleted yang manifested by profuse sweating and deadly coldness of limbs, add radix Aconiti Lateralis (slice) to the decoction to recuperate the depleted yang and rescue the patient from danger.

(c) Qi-deficiency

Manifestations: Longstanding hematemesis of dull blood, fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath, pale complexion, pale tongue and thready and weak pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Benefit spleen-qi and stop bleeding.

Prescription:

Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 20 g
Radix Astragali 15 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 6 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 6 g
Radix Aucklandiae 5 g
Poria 10 g
Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 10 g
Pulvis Rhizoma Bletillae (mixed with decoction) 3-6 g
Herba Agrimoniae 15 g

In addition, diet is an essential treatment for hematemesis. Immoderate diet and pungent or hard to digest foods should be prohibited. Fasting is advisable when the bleeding is profuse.

F. Hematochezia

(a) Retention of dampness-heat in the intestines

Manifestations: Discharge of fresh blood from the bowels, dyschesia or loose stool, burning sensation on the anus, abdominal pain, bitter taste in the mouth, yellow greasy tongue coating and floating-soft and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away dampness-heat, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modification of Sanguisorbae Powder and Sophorae Pill

Radix Sanguisorbae 15-30 g
Fructus Sophorae 10 g
Rhizoma Coptidis 10 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Poria 15 g
Cacumen Biotae 10 g
Radix Rubiae 10 g
Pulvis Rhizoma Bletillae (mixed with decoction) 3-6 g

Remarks: For cases of long-term hematochezia with deficiency of ying-blood manifested as dryness of throat and mouth, feverish sensation over the chest, red tongue with yellow coating and thready and rapid pulse, add Colla Corii Asini, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Rehmanniae to nourish blood an yin, regulate ying and clear away heat.

(b) Asthenia-cold of the spleen and stomach

Manifestations: Discharge of dark or dark-purplish stool, dull pain in the abdomen which can be relieved by heat, lusterless complexion, fatigue, loose stool, pale tongue and deep and thready pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Strengthen spleen, warm middle jiao, nourish blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction of Ignited Yellow Earth

Ignited yellow Earth (decocted separately) 30-60 g
Rhizoma Zingiberis Praeparata 10 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae 12 g
Colla Corii Asini (dissolved in water) 10 g
Radix Scutellariae 10 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 10 g
Radix Astragali 12 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae 10 g
Pulvis Radix Notoginseng (mixed with the decoction) 3-6 g

(Boil Ignited Yellow Earth with water first, then use the liquid to boil the other drugs.)

Remarks: For cases with collapse of qi manifested as prolonged blood discharge, listlessness, aversion to cold and bearing-down sensation of anus, use the Decoction for Strengthening Middle Jiao and Benefiting Qi, composed of Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata, to tonify qi and lift up yang.

G. Hematuria

(a) Accumulation of heat in lower jiao

Manifestations: Hot feeling during urination with discharge of bright red blood, restlessness, thirst, flushed face, aphthae, palpitation, sleeplessness, red tongue and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Clear away heat, cool the blood and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modification of Cephalanoploris Decoction

Radix Rehmanniae 10 g
Herba Cephalanoploris 10-20 g
Fructus Gardeniae 10 g
Talcum 10 g
Caulis Akebiae 6 g
Herba Lophatheri 10 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae 6 g
Rhizoma Imperatae 5-30 g
Pulvis Succinum (mixed with decoction) 2 g

(b) Hyperactivity of fire and deficiency of kidneys

Manifestations: Oliguria, hematuria, dizziness, tinnitus, spiritlessness, thinness, flushed cheeks, hectic fever, soreness and weakness of loins and knees, red tongue and thready and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Tonify yin, keep fire downward and arrest bleeding.

Prescription: The Modification of Bolus of Anemarrhenae, Phellodendri and Rehmanniae

Radix Rehmanniae 10 g
Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 10 g
Fructus Corni 10 g
Poria 10 g
Cortex Moutan Radicis 10 g
Herba Ecliptae 30 g
Herba seu Radix Cirsii Japonici 9 g
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 10 g
Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 g
Rhizoma Alismatis 10 g
Cortex Phellodendri 10 g
Radix Sanguisorbae 10 g

(c) Failure of controlling blood by the spleen

Manifestations: Long-term hematuria with discharge of reddish urine, lusterless complexion, fatigue, shortness of breath, poor appetite, bleeding from gum, epistaxis, hemathidrosis, corpulent pale tongue and thready and weak pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Invigorate the spleen and stop bleeding.

Prescription: The Modified Decoction for Invigorating the Spleen and Nourishing the Heart

Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae 12 g
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae 10 g
Radix Astragali 12 g
Radix Glycyrrhizae Praeparata 6 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10 g
Poria 15 g
Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 10 g
Colla Corii Asini 10 g
Herba Agrimoniae 10 g

(d) Deficiency of kidney-qi

Manifestations: Long-term hematuria with discharge of reddish urine, frequent urination, nocturia, dizziness, tinnitus, spiritlessness, lumbago, pale tongue and deep and weak pulse.

Therapeutic principles: Invigorate kidney-qi and stop bleeding.

Prescription: Wubi Bolus of Dioscoreae

Radix Rehmann Praeparata 10 g
Fructus Corni 10 g
Rhizoma Dioscoreae 12 g
Cortex Eucommiae 10 g
Herba Cistanchis 10 g
Poria 15 g
Semen Cuscutae 10 g
Herba Agrimoniae 12 g
Halloysitum Rubrum 10-12 g
Fructus Schisandrae 10 g
Herba Ecliptae 10 g

Experiential Prescriptions

A. Cacumen Biotae (60 g) or Rhizoma Bletillae (30 g) prepared as a decoction or fresh Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis (100-200 g) crushed for its juice; taken with Pulvis Radix Notoginseng (3 g) or Radix et Pulvis Rhizoma Rhei (3 g); applicable to hemoptysis, hematemesis and hematochezia.

B. Rhizoma Imperatae (60 g) and Herba Cephalanoploris; prepared as decoction; applicable to hematuria.

C. Herba Agrimoniae (30 g); prepared as decoction; applicable to hematochezia.

D. Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis (1 part) and fructus Jujubae (4 parts); the former is boiled with water to form a thick liquid first, then cooked with the dates, and the dates are eaten; applicable to purpura.

E. Radix Rehmanniae (raw, 30 g) Rhizoma Phragmitis (raw, 30 g), Flos Viciae Fabae (15 g), Rhizoma Bletillae (15 g) and Cornu Bubali; prepared as decoction; applicable to epistaxis.

F. Pulvis Sedimentationis urinae (30 g) Catechu (30 g) Cortex Phellodendri (9 g), herba Menthae (9 g), Indigo Naturalis (9 g) and Borneolum Syntheticum (1 g); prepared as powder for local application; suitable for bleeding from the gum.

G. Radix Ginseng (6-10 g); prepared as decoction after cooled, applicable to cases of profuse bleeding with collapse of qi.

H. Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae (15 g), Radix Angelicae Sinensis Carbonisatus ( 10 g), Folium Aartemisiae Argyi (10 g); prepared as decoction or mixed with dissolved Colla Corii Asini; applicable to the bleeding of asthenic type.

Copyright 1995 Hopkins Technology